A typical finding in male infertility is oligospermia, which is defined as semen with a low sperm concentration or “sperm count.” The World Health Organization (WHO) sets reference values for semen analysis, including sperm count, which are used to assess male fertility. In 2010, the WHO updated its reference values for semen analysis, providing new thresholds for normal sperm count, motility, and morphology. The latest WHO guidelines, published in 2021, continue to use these updated reference values.

Sperm Count and Other Parameters:

• Total sperm number: The WHO 2021 manual sets the reference value at 39 million sperm per ejaculate.
• Sperm concentration: A concentration of 15 million sperm per milliliter is the lower reference limit.
• Motility: Total motility (progressive and non-progressive) is defined as 40% or more.
• Progressive motility: The reference value is 32%.
• Morphology: At least 4% of sperm should have normal morpholog

One of the causes of oligospermia is when diseases like testicular trauma hinder the normal flow of sperm. Infections or scars from male reproductive system operations can also cause oligospermia. as well as sexually transmitted infections