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A sperm must normally have an oval head, neck, and tail in order to fertilise an egg. The disorder known as teratospermia or teratozoospermia is defined by an abnormally high number of sperm in a man’s semen. Fertility may be hampered if over 60% of the sperm contain abnormalities. A typical sperm includes an oval head, a single midpiece and tail, and a well-defined cap (acrosome) that covers a portion of the head. Defects can frequently arise during the testicle’s sperm production process, which takes about 78-90 days Because they are less motile and/or unable to penetrate the ovum, sperm with aberrant shapes can have a detrimental effect on fertility. Getting pregnant can be challenging.Sperm samples from many infertile men exhibit low sperm counts, poor motility, and a large number of sperm with irregular shapes. We refer to this as oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.
The reasons behind teratospermia are unknown. However, in certain cases, Crohn’s disease, Hodgkin’s disease, and coeliac disease may be involved. Common causes include metabolic and hormonal imbalances, which can disrupt the maturation process of sperm and result in abnormalities such as tiny or big sperm, sperm with defects in the head, tail, and mid-piece, and sperm with abnormally large or small heads or malformed tails. When globozoospermia (round-headed sperm) occurs, the Golgi apparatus does not develop into the acrosome required for fertilisation.
There are three severity levels of teratozoospermia. In addition, they are categorised based on the irregularity they exhibit or how they seem.
The majority of spermatozoa in this type of teratozoospermia display several anomalies.
Circular spermatic heads that lack a mid-piece and tail are how this is displayed.
This form of abnormality only demonstrates one kind of anomaly, which is an aberration in the head’s structure. There are several varieties of this as well, including roundhead, amorphous, small, tapering, and pinhead. oddity in the middle of the piece.
The majority of the spermatozoa in this type of teratozoospemia have unusual acrosomes and an expanded head with many tails.
